Verbals: Gerund and Infinitive

Verbals: Gerund and Infinitive
1. Перестройте предложения, используя герундий в качестве подлежащего:
Model: It is very relaxing to listen to music. → Listening to music is very relaxing.
1. It is difficult to speak another language well. → Speaking another language well is difficult.
2. One of my favourite things is to go shopping. → Going shopping is one of my favourite things
3. It is illegal to drive a car when you are 15. → Driving a car when you are 15 is illegal.
4. It is a good idea to talk about things that worry you. → Talking about things that worry you is a good idea.
2. Выберите инфинитив или герундий в следующих предложениях:
He gave up smoking.
I don’t want to go out tonight. I am too tired.
Don’t forget to lock the door before going to bed.
I must remember to go to the dentist on Wednesday.
Everybody helped to clean up after the party.
I have finished decorating the house.
3. Закончите предложения, выражая свою точку зрения:
1. I’m really interested in reading foreign books.
2. I’m looking forward to speaking with you.
3. Driving a car is something that makes me nervous.
4. Listening to music is one of my favourite things to do at the weekend.
4. Ответьте на вопросы, пользуясь словами в скобках. Используйте инфинитив в качестве обстоятельства цели, подчеркните его в предложении.
Model: Why do you wear glasses? (show/I/ serious)
I wear glasses to show I am serious.
1. Why did she do to the library? (borrow/some/books)
She did do to the library to borrow some books.
2. Why did John write the letter? (remind/Ben/about/his/promise)
John wrote the letter to remind Ben about his promise.
3. Why is Barbara putting her house on fire? (get/her/insurance)
Barbara is putting her house on fire to get her insurance.
4. Why are you driving so fast? (arrive/in/my/office/on/time)
I am driving so fast to arrive in my office on time.
5. Закончите предложения, используя слова в скобках. Переведите предложения.
If you want to be successful, you’ll have to get used to work hard. Если вы хотите добиться успеха, вы должны привыкнуть усердно работать.
Nick was soon tired. He was not used climbing the stairs. Ник быстро устал. Он не привык подниматься по лестнице.
He used to listen attentively when I spoke. Он всегда внимательно слушал, когда я говорил.
When I was in the country I got used to drink milk. Когда я был в деревне, я привык пить молоко.
When I was a child, I used to collect stamps. Когда я был ребенком, я коллекционировал марки.
Verbals: The Participle I The Participle II
1. Образуйте Participle 1 от следующих глаголов:
To talk - talking, to come – coming, to know - knowing, to say - saying, to change - changing, to hear - hearing, to show - showing, to arrive - arriving, to do - doing, to open - opening, to give - giving, to laugh - laughing.
2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод причастий. Определите их функцию в предложении:
1. Leaving the cinema the people were talking about the film. Выходя из кинотеатра, люди говорили о фильме.
2. The boy was looking at me smiling. Мальчик смотрел на меня, улыбаясь
3. Walking slowly along the street he met his friends. Медленно прогуливаясь по улице, он встретил своих друзей.
4. Two smiling girls sat on the bench talking gaily. Две улыбающиеся девушки сидели на скамейке, весело разговаривая.
5. There were many people standing at the bus stop. Там было много людей, стоящих на автобусной остановке.
6. I am talking to my old friend. Я разговариваю со своим старым другом.
3. Образуйте Participle II от следующих глаголов:
To use - used, to write - written, to repeat - repeated, to discuss - discussed, to invite - invited, to attack - attacked, to bring - brought, to play - played, to leave - left, to give - given, to open - opened, to spend - spent, to see - seen, to take - taken.
4. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод причастий. Определите их функцию в предложении:
1. He stopped before a closed door. Он остановился перед закрывшейся дверью.
2. A car driven by an old man came along the road. По дороге проехала машина, за рулем которой сидел старик.
3. This film was shown last night. Этот фильм показали вчера вечером.
4. The man called Peter came up to us. Мужчина по имени Питер подошел к нам.
5. We could not see the sun covered by dark clouds. Мы не могли видеть солнце, закрытое темными облаками.
6. Have you already heard the latest news? Вы уже слышали последние новости?
5. Раскройте скобки, используя Participle I и Participle II:
1. This is a letter addressed to you.
2. Going through the perk, I met him.
3. I like to read stories written by this author.
4. Translating this article we learned some interesting facts.
5. She found the key lost by me yesterday.
6. Do you know the boys playing tennis?
The Complex sentence
1. Прочитайте текст, найдите в нем придаточные, вносящие дополнительную информацию:
We think we are most advanced creatures on the planet. But if we look a little deeper, we will realize that all our inventions, which make life easier, are really just copies of things already found in nature. Here are a few examples of the incredible things animals can do.
We may have invented heat-seeking cameras which find disaster victims, but snakes can ‘see’ heat. Rattlesnakes have sensors which can detect small changes in temperature. They ‘see’ us by the heat that surrounds us, so they can find their prey in the dark. Even our footprints leave some warmth, which can be detected long after we have passed. This means snakes know where we are and where we have been.
We discovered electricity and ways of looking for it. However, creatures which live in the sea have electrosensors which can detect electricity.
A swimmer who is injured gives off electricity — his heartbeat and his nerves flashing on and off in panic. A shark wouldn’t ‘see’ him through its eyes, which are very small, but it would fell the swimmer’s fear.
2. Составьте из пар предложений одно, используя соответствующие союзы, где это необходимо:
Необходимая информация:
The Asian elephant is a large mammal. Its pregnancy lasts 22 months. - The Asia elephant is a large mammal whose pregnancy lasts 22 months.
The anabas is a fish. It can climb trees. - The anabas is a fish which can climb trees.
The chameleon is a lizard. It can change colour. - The chameleon is a lizard which can change colour.
The mosquito is a malaria-carrying insect. It causes 2000000 deaths a year. - The mosquito, which is a malaria-carrying insect, causes 2,000,000 deaths a year.
Дополнительная информация:
The tiger is only found in Asia. It is the largest member of the cat family. - The tiger, which is only found in Asia, is the largest member of the cat family.
Camels are used for trips across the desert. They can drink 113 litres of water in half an hour. - Camels, which are used for trips across the desert, can drink 113 litres (200 pints) of water in half an hour.
The ostrich is the world’s tallest bird. It cannot fly. - The ostrich, which is the world's tallest bird, cannot fly.
Electric eels kill fish by electrocuting them. They eat half of their body weight in food every day. - Electric eels, which kill fish by electrocuting them, eat half of their body weight in food every day.
3. Запишите несколько дат, имен, названий и объясните, что они означают, следуя модели:
Model: 1960 — That was the year when I was born.
1999 - That was the year when I was born.
2002 - That was the year when I went I went to kindergarten.
2006 - That was the year when I went I went to school.
2016 - That was the year when I went I entered the university
4. Подчеркните правильное слово в следующих предложениях и переведите их:
1. When he arrives, everyone must stand.
2. Please phone your dad immediately.
3. As soon as you hear the alarm, run for the exit.
4. Supposing you had a baby girl — what would you call her?
5. We’re not going to stop digging until we find the ancient ruins.
Reported Speech. Reporting questions
1. Работайте с партнером. Завершите диалог, следуя модели:
Model: — I forgot to tell you. _______________ called yesterday.
— Really? What did she say?
— She said/told (that) ____________________________ .
Christina: «I think I’m falling in love with you».
— I forgot to tell you. _ Christina __ called yesterday.
— Really? What did she say?
— She said/told (that) _she thought she was falling in love with me__ .
1. Our niece Liz: «I got a raise last week».
— I forgot to tell you. Our niece Liz called yesterday.
— Really? What did she say?
— She said/told (that) she had gotten a raise the week before.
2. Uncle Charlie: «I’ll be arriving this Friday on the two o’clock train».
— I forgot to tell you. Uncle Charlie called yesterday.
— Really? What did he say?
— He said/told (that) he would be arriving that Friday on the two o’clock train.
3. Aunt Jane: «I’ll send you a postcard from Egypt».
— I forgot to tell you. Aunt Jane called yesterday.
— Really? What did she say?
— She said/told (that) she would send us a postcard from Egypt.
4. My boyfriend: «I’m sorry I forgot about your birthday».
— I forgot to tell you. Your boyfriend called yesterday.
— Really? What did he say?
— He said/told (that) he was sorry he had forgotten about your birthday.
5. The mechanic: «The car is ready and you can pick it up any time you want to».
— I forgot to tell you. The mechanic called yesterday.
— Really? What did he say?
— He said/told (that) the car was ready and you could pick it up any time you wanted to.
6. Grandma: «I was planning to visit this weekend, but I won’t be able to come because I have the flu».
— I forgot to tell you. Grandma called yesterday.
— Really? What did she say?
— She said/told (that) she had been planning to visit that weekend, but she wouldn’t be able to come because she had the flu.
2. Прочитайте текст. Найдите предложения с косвенной речью:
GOOD ADVICE
Sue had a bad stomachache yesterday afternoon. She called her doctor and asked him what she should do. Her doctor told her to rest in bed. He also told her not to eat too much for dinner. And he told her to call him in the morning if she was still sick. Sue felt better after speaking with her doctor. She’s glad she can always depend on him for good advice.
3. Завершите предложения в косвенной речи:
Model: «Let me help you». My mother offered to help me.
1. «This spot is the best place for a picnic».
My mother said that that spot was the best place for a picnic.
2. «If I were you, I wouldn’t drink so much».
He advised his friend not to drink very much.
3. «Can you answer the phone? I’m having a shower!»
He asked his son if he could answer the phone because he is having a shower.
4. Работайте с партнером. Завершите диалог, следуя модели. Драматизируйте полученные диалоги:
Model: A: I’m a little annoyed at ___________________ .
B: How come?
A: _____________told me _____________________ .
B: Why did _____ tell you that?
A: _______ said (that) ________________________ .
English students: «Don’t give us any homework this weekend! We are tired of English grammar!»
A: I’m a little annoyed at my English students … .
B: How come?
A: They … told me not to give them any homework this weekend … .
B: Why did … they … tell you that?
A: They said (that) … they were tired of English grammar … .
1. My doctor: «Lose some weight! You are much too heavy».
A: I’m a little annoyed at my doctor.
B: How come?
A: He told me to lose some weight.
B: Why did he tell you that?
A: He said (that) because I was much too heavy.
2. My girlfriend: «Don’t call me this weekend! I want to be alone».
A: I’m a little annoyed at my girlfriend.
B: How come?
A: She told me not to call me this weekend.
B: Why did she tell you that?
A: She said (that) she wanted to be alone.
3. My dentist: «Don’t eat candy! It’s bad for your teeth».
A: I’m a little annoyed at my dentist.
B: How come?
A: He told me not to eat candy.
B: Why did he tell you that?
A: He said (that) it was bad for my teeth.
4. My boss: «Come to work early tomorrow! I need some help and you’re the only one who can help me».
A: I’m a little annoyed at my boss.
B: How come?
A: He told me come to work early the next day.
B: Why did he tell you that?
A: He said (that) he needed some help and I was the only one who could help him.

5. My seven-year-old son: «Don’t kiss me in front of my friends any more! I’m a big boy now».
A: I’m a little annoyed at my seven-year-old son.
B: How come?
A: He told me not to kiss him in front of his friends any more.
B: Why did he tell you that?
A: He said (that) he was a big boy then.
5. Два подростка потерялись в лесу и потом нашлись. Прочитайте, что они сказали репортеру, и передайте это в косвенной речи, используя слова said, explained, told the reporters:
1. «We were exploring with a group of tourists, but we decided to go off on our own»
2. «We’ve been alone in the forest for six days».
3. «We’ve been eating nothing but berries».
4. «We both cut our feet but otherwise we’re not hurt».
5. «We’re really lucky to be alive!»
6. «We’re looking forward to seeing our parents».
The boys said they had been exploring with a group of tourists, but they had decided to go off on their own. They said they had been alone in the forest for six days. They told the reporters they had been eating nothing but berries. The boys explained they both cut their feet but otherwise they were not hurt. They said they were really lucky to be alive! They told the reporters they were looking forward to seeing their parents.
6. Составьте прямые вопросы, которые репортер задал подросткам. Затем переделайте их в косвенные, используя глаголы asked them, wanted to know, wondered:
Model: How/you/get lost? → How did you get lost? → The reporter asked them how they had got lost.
How long/you/be/here? – How long were you here? - The reporter asked them how long they had been there.