Criminal Courts
If a person broke the law, he must be brought first before a magistrates' court, which has the power to impose fines up to 100 pounds and to send people to prison for up to six months. If a case is too serious for the magistrates they hear evidence about it and then send the case to be tried to a higher court, where there is a jury. Each town has a magistrates' court, which sits at least twice every week.
In 14 big towns there are 'stipendiary' magistrates who are experienced barristers who have accepted these full-time paid judicial offices. In most places, however, the magistrates are Justices of the Peace. These are ordinary citizens, both men and women, who have been appointed to their offices by the Lord Chancellor on the advice of special advisory committees. Justices of the Peace receive no payment. They have no training for their office, though some courses are provided which they may follow if they wish, after being appointed. They are advised on points of law by their Clerk, who is a professional lawyer, but in deciding on punishments they do what seems best to them.
When a criminal case is not finally dealt with in the magistrates' court it has to go for trial as soon as possible before the Crown Court. If the accused person says that he is not-guilty of the charge made against him, a trial takes place before a jury. Certain very serious cases, like murder, and cases of special difficulty, like forgery, can only be tried by the Crown Court.
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