Курсовая работа по английскому (продвинутый) на тему How did the Arab-Israeli conflict influence the oil-trade and oil situation in the world then and nowadays

Introduction

Under the term "Middle East conflict», we usually understand the military-political struggle of the Jewish and Arab ethnos for the possession of Palestine. The genesis of this conflict is directly related to the emergence in the late XIX centur of Zionist movement among the Jewish population of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. Its goal was to return the Jews to their historical homeland - Palestine, which, according to the canons of Judaism, is considered to be the "promised land," that is, intended for the Jewish people by God. In this kind of interpretation of Palestine - this kind of motherland was lost. This was perceived as the greatest historical injustice to be remedied.
The Palestinian question, that is the problem of the existence and coexistence of the Jewish and Arab states in the territory of Palestine, is at the center of the longstanding Arab-Israeli confrontation.
The beginning of the Middle East conflict dates back to the 1940s. On November 29, 1947, the UN General Assembly voted to create two states - Jewish and Arab - on the West Bank, as well as the international zone of Jerusalem.
This is one of the longest regional conflicts of our time lasting more than 60 years. In general, the history of the conflict can be divided into several key stages: the Arab-Israeli war of 1948 (the first war), the Suez crisis of 1956 (the second war), the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973. (3 and 4 Arab-Israeli wars), the Camp David process of the peaceful settlement of 1978-79, the war in Lebanon in 1982 (the fifth war), the process of peaceful settlement of the 1990s (the Camp David agreements of 2000) and The Intifada 2000, which began on September 29, 2000 and is often defined by experts as the "Sixth War" or "war of attrition."
The following persistent conflict-related factors of the Arab-Israeli confrontation remain the status of Jerusalem; Palestinian refugees; Israeli settlements; borders.
The relevance of the chosen theme of the work is that the Arab-Israeli conflict remains unresolved, and its full resolution seems unattainable, while the conflict itself shows that the political processes in the Middle East directly affect the economies of the countries of the world, as well as the extraction volumes and prices of oil.
The purpose of this paper is to define how the Arab-Israeli conflict influenced the oil-trade and oil situation in the world then and nowadays.
The tasks of the work are the disclosure of the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict and more precisely the 1973 oil crisis and its international consequences, the creation of the International Energy Agency and the security structures of the Middle East.
Methods used in the course work: data analysis, the study of special historical and documentary literature.
The Arab-Israeli conflict for many decades remains one of the most explosive among the Middle East "hot spots", the escalation of events around which can at any time lead to a new regional war, and also significantly affect the system of international relations in general.










Chapter 1. History of the Arab-Israeli conflict

1.1. Developments of the Arab-Israeli conflict 1950-1970

The Arab-Israeli, or as it is often called, the Middle East conflict, is the longest of all unresolved conflicts in the world. Its beginning dates back to the 40th years of the 20th century and is associated with the problem of the establishment of Jewish and Arab states in Palestine.
Such a decision was adopted by the UN General Assembly on November 29, 1947. However, this decision was initially rejected by the neighboring Arab states, and by the Arab population of Palestine itself. The Arabs did not in principle recognize the idea of the return of Jews to Palestine, considering this territory their own.
On November 29, 1947, the UN General Assembly voted to create two states - Jewish and Arab - on the West Bank (Resolution No. 181). With a margin of 31 against 13 votes, with 10 abstentions, the first proposed UNSCOP version of the partition of Palestine was adopted. Small changes have been made concerning future borders. The separation was to take effect from the day the British troops withdrew from Palestine. According to this plan, a third of the fertile coastal plain of Galilee and two-thirds of the territory of the Negev desert were allocated to the Jewish state, which was not suitable at that time for agriculture or for the erection of cities - only 56.47% of the total territory of Palestine. This territory for the most part corresponded to the territory, the majority of whose population (though without a preponderance) were Jews.