Реферат по английскому на тему Выдающийся психолог, логопед. Л. С. Выготский ( на английском языке)

Introduction
Lev Semenovich Vygotsky is one of the most outstanding psychologists and speech therapists of the XX century. His scientific works played a huge role in the development of psychology and speech therapy, and are still the object of study of many scientists.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the life path and scientific works of L. S. Vygotsky, to evaluate their contribution to the development of psychology and speech therapy, as well as to consider the influence of his theories on modern science and practice.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:
1. To study the biography of L. S. Vygotsky;
2. Analyze Vygotsky's scientific works;
3. To assess the impact of Vygotsky's theories on modern science and practice;
4. To identify the prospects for further research in the field of psychology and speech therapy based on the theories of L. S. Vygotsky.
Research methods include analysis of literary sources, as well as interviews with practicing psychologists and speech therapists.
The object of the research is the scientific heritage of L. S. Vygotsky in the field of psychology and speech therapy.
The subject of the research is the scientific works of L. S. Vygotsky, their contribution to the development of psychology and speech therapy, as well as the influence of his theories on modern science and practice.

 
Biography of L. S. Vygotsky
Lev Semenovich Vygotsky was born on November 17, 1896 in the city of Orsha, in a Jewish family. His father was a businessperson, and his mother was engaged in charity work. Leo had an older brother who was also engaged in scientific activity. Since childhood, Leo has shown an interest in science and education.
L. S. Vygotsky's education began at a local gymnasium, where he proved himself to be an excellent student. After graduating from the gymnasium, he entered the Faculty of Philology at Moscow University, where he studied literature and history. At the university, Lev met famous scientists of that time, such as V. I. Lenin and S. F. Oldenburg.
However, despite the successful training, L. S. Vygotsky decided to switch to the study of psychology. In 1924, he received the degree of Kandy-date of psychological sciences, and then in 1925 – a doctorate. He began writing his scientific works while still at university, but his main work began in the period from 1920 to 1930.
The professional activity of L. S. Vygotsky was connected with the development of theories of psychology and speech therapy. He believed that a person not only receives knowledge from the outside world, but also actively creates it. Vygotsky formulated the concept of the zone of proximal development, which determines the potential for personal development in the event that other people will assist him. He also researched the problem of the interaction of thinking and speech, and developed the theory of mediation, which explains how a child acquires knowledge in the process of interacting with people around him.
The invaluable contribution to Soviet science "eclipsed" the interest in Lev Semenovich's personal life, but despite this, there was room in his biography for information about his wife, Rosa Noevna Smekhova, who gave birth to two daughters in 10 years of marriage.
Growing up, the girls followed their parents’ example and made a career in psychology, defectology and biology, and in 1996 became co-authors of the book "L. S. Vygotsky. Touches to the portrait" and shared photographs and unpublished sketches stored in the family archive.
L. S. Vygotsky was a man of difficult fate. He faced many difficulties in his life, including national and religious persecution, but despite this, he continued his scientific activities and achieved great success. His scientific works are considered one of the most influential in the field of psychology and speech therapy, and are still used in the practical work of psychologists and speech therapists.
One of the important factors that determined the scientific career of L. S. Vygotsky was his collaboration with the famous psychologist A. R. Luria. Together they conducted research in the field of child psychology and development, and also developed methods for diagnosing children's speech disorders and speech therapy correction. At the head of this organization, Vygotsky undertook a trip abroad to Germany and Great Britain. Having defended his dissertation, which became the book "Psychology of Art" and supplemented with the section "Easy Breathing" and others, he received the status of a senior researcher, equivalent to the modern degree of Candidate of medical Sciences.
For 15 years, Lev Semenovich was plagued by lung problems, on June 11, 1934, the cause of sudden and sudden death was an acute attack of tuberculosis. He was only 37 years old. Nevertheless, his ideas and theories continued to develop and influence science even after his death.
Today L. S. Vygotsky is considered one of the greatest scientists of the XX century, who made a huge contribution to the development of psychology and speech therapy. His scientific ideas and theories are still relevant and are used in the practical work of psychologists, speech therapists and other specialists in the field of child development and education. 
Scientific works of L. S. Vygotsky
L. S. Vygotsky is one of the greatest scientists of the XX century, who made a huge contribution to the development of psychology and speech therapy. His scientific works occupy an important place in the history of science and are still relevant and in demand.
In his scientific works, L. S. Vygotsky investigated various aspects of psychology and speech therapy, including problems of speech development, thinking and perception. He developed a number of theories and concepts that became the basis for the further development of psychology and speech therapy.
One of the most famous theories of L. S. Vygotsky is the concept of the zone of proximal development. According to this theory, each person has potential development opportunities that can only be realized with the help of other people. Thus, the zone of the nearest development determines the potential of personal development, which can be realized only with the help of the social environment.
He also investigated the problem of the i