Реферат по Английский продвинутый на тему Big cities in the United Kingdom.

Introduction

United Kingdom - island country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. The United Kingdom comprises the whole of the island of Great Britain—which contains England, Wales, and Scotland—as well as the northern portion of the island of Ireland.

Big cities in the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom is made up of four constituent countries -- England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, so unsurprisingly, this area has one of the largest populations in the world.
London was by far the largest urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom in 2020, with an estimated population of 9.3 million people, more than three times as large as Manchester, the UK’s second biggest urban agglomeration. The English cities of Birmingham and Leeds had the third and fourth largest populations respectively, while the biggest city in Scotland, Glasgow was the fifth largest.
Largest urban agglomerations in the United Kingdom in 2020:
Characteristic Estimated population
London 9,304,016
Manchester 2,730,076
Birmingham 2,607,437
Leeds 1,889,095
Glasgow 1,673,332.
Throughout the 1980s the population of London fluctuated from a high of 6.81 million people in 1981 to a low of 6.73 million inhabitants in 1988.
During the 1990s the population of London increased from 6.8 million at the start of the decade to 7.15 million by 1999. London's population has continued to increase in the 21st century, reaching a peak of 8.96 million people in 2019 and is forecast to reach 10.35 million by 2041.
Except for London (and the Scottish capital Edinburgh), the largest UK cities are not internationally famous tourist cities, nor cities with a great and old historic heritage. In the main they are cities which began their ascendancy at the start of the industrial age in the late 18th century; and their development during the nineteenth century was so intense that they changed beyond recognition.
The English cities of Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Sheffield, Leeds, Bradford and Newcastle, like Glasgow the largest city in Scotland and Cardiff the capital of Wales were only small towns before the Industrial Revolution came along. The Industrial Revolution turned them into big cities, local centers of industry with their coal mines, factories, textile mills, blast furnaces, banks, shipyards, and ports ... These are the cities that were behind the industrial power of the United Kingdom in the Victorian era and until the middle of the twentieth century. Then, with the massive changes that affected British society, from 1970 onwards they faced serious problems of deindustrialization, loss of population, unemployment, and decline.
However, since the dark years of the nineteen-seventies, all these cities have begun a process of urban regeneration, and all of Britain's great cities now like to portray themselves as great tourist destinations.
London, city, capital of the United Kingdom. It is among the oldest of the world’s great cities—its history spanning nearly two millennia—and one of the most cosmopolitan. By far Britain’s largest metropolis, it is also the country’s economic, transportation, and cultural centre.
Greater London is the most urbanized area in the United Kingdom and the most populous city in the European Union. Some one-seventh of the country’s population is concentrated there, comparable in national significance to the urban agglomerations around Paris, Mexico City, and Tokyo. London’s overall population density is considerably higher than those in the country’s other urban areas. It is comparable to that of Amsterdam city proper (though it is more than twice as high as that of the Greater Amsterdam agglomeration) and perhaps is closest to that of Greater Paris, which consists of a large conurbation around the city proper.

Сonclusion

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is an island country that sits north-west of mainland Europe.
It is made up of mainland Great Britain (England, Wales, and Scotland) and the northern part of the island of Ireland (Northern Ireland). It has numerous smaller islands. The UK is low lying in the east. It has mountains in the north of England, in Scotland, in Northern Ireland and in Wales.