Литературно-книжная лексика: термины, поэтизмы, архаизмы, варваризмы, неологизмы. Рассмотрение книжно-литературной лексики

Introduction
Modern linguistics is characterized by an increasing interest in the text, and, being a complex phenomenon, it is studied in different aspects and is treated differently in different branches of the humanities. The text is considered by researchers as a structural-semantic formation, a kind of complex unity, united by communicative integrity, semantic completeness, logical, grammatical, semantic connections.
At the same time, special attention is paid to lexis elements, the basic units that make the text, phrases and words relationships, a certain qualitative uniqueness of the functioning of the language units of various levels of the text. Thus, the study with the aim to investigate literary and book lexis such as terms, poetic words, archaic words, barbarisms and neologisms has its relevance.
The object of this investigation is English language lexis. . The subject is using of terms, poetic words, archaic words, barbarisms and neologisms in literature.
The study basis consists of the works of such researchers as N.F. Alefirenko, I.V. Arnold [2], L.G. Babenko, R. Bart, M. M. Bakhtin, A. Vezhbitskaya, I. R. Halperin [8], Y. M. Skrebnev [15], I. M. Kobozeva, V. G. Kolshansky, V. A. Kukharenko, O. I. Moskalskaya, V. A. Lukin, N. A. Nikolina, E. V. Paducheva, V. A. Pishchalnikova, Ya. Turaeva, and I. Chernukhina, N. E. Brekle, W. Dressier, U. Eco, H. Lausberg, D. Wunderlich, etc.
The study materials are the literary texts and books consisting of terms, poetic words, archaic words, barbarisms, and neologisms.
The tasks of the current investigation are:
- to analyse the specifics of literary and book lexis
- to describe of English lexis' stylistic groups
- the analyses of Terms’ examples
- to analyse of Poetic words’ examples
- to analyse of Archaic words’ examples
- to analyse of Barbarisms’ examples
- to analyse of Neologisms’ examples.
The method of the current study is the analytical method.
The structure of the study includes introduction, two chapters, conclusion and references.
In the first chapter the stylistics groups of English lexis are considered.
In the second chapter the terms, poetic words, archaic words, barbarisms and neologisms in the literary and book texts are considered.

 
Chapter 1 Stylistic groups of the English lexis
1.1. Specifics of literary lexis
The gap between lively colloquial speech and the written (literary and book) type of speech most of all, at all stages of development, manifested itself in the vocabulary. The general literary and book vocabulary of modern English is characterized by a significant number of words of Latin and French origin. Their semantic boundaries are much more clearly delineated than the corresponding synonyms for spoken language, and, therefore, they provide a more accurate expression of thought.
The contrast between general literary and book vocabulary and colloquial vocabulary is often used to achieve the desired stylistic effect.
Thus, for example, in the O. Henry story "By Courier"[28] the opposition of the general literary-book vocabulary to the colloquial (significantly spiced with non-literary forms of speech and enhanced by figurative expressions) acquires a special stylistic function - to emphasize the difference in the social position of the heroes of the story:
"Tell her I am on my way to the station, to leave for San Francisco, where I shall join that Alaska moose-hunting expedition. Tell her that, since she has commanded me neither to speak nor to write to her I take this means of making one last appeal to her sense of justice, for the sake of what has been. Tell her that to condemn and discard one who has not deserved such treatment, without giving him her reason or a chance to explain is contrary to her nature as I believe it to be."
"He told me to tell yer he's got his collars and cuffs in dat grip for a scoot clean out to 'Frisco. Den he's goin' to shoot snowbirds in de Klondike. He says yer told him not to send 'round no more pink notes nor come hangin' over de garden gate, and he takes dis mean (sending the boy to speak for him) of putting yer wise. He says yer referred him like a has-been, and never give him no chance to kick at de decision. He says yer swiped him, and never said why."
A similar example can be cited from B. Shaw's play "Fanny's First Play", where lively spoken language is contrasted with strict, precise, literary and bookish speech. Here contrast is achieved only by lexical means:
Dora: Oh Ive let it out. Have I! (Contemplating Juggins approvingly as he places a chair for her between the table and the sideboard) But hes the right sort: I can see that. (Buttonholing him). You won't let on downstairs, old man, will you?
Juggins: The Family can rely on my absolute discretion. Dora uses words from the spoken layer of vocabulary. In Jugins' speech, the choice of words is characterized by a neutral and literary-bookish connotation.
Here is an example in which the comparison of spoken words and literary-book words in combination with other features of the two types of speech shows how written speech serves to clarify the expressed thought:
A grin twitched George's pallid lips.
"Make me a codicil. You'll find paper in the dressing-table drawer" . . .
The words came with a hoarse relish. "My three screws to young Val Dartie, because he's the only Forsyte that knows a horse from a donkey." A throaty chuckle sounded ghastly in the ears of Soames.
"What have you said?"
Soames read: "I hereby leave my three racehorses to my kinsman Valerius Dartie, of Wansdon, Sussex, because he has special knowledge of horses."(J. Galsworthy. The White Monkey )
Some literary-literary words of modern English are clearly distinguished by their specific book-literary character. These are, for example, concord, harmony, dispute, auxiliary, opponent, volition, antagonism, calamity, partaking (compare to take part), exemption, susceptibility, morosity, in accordance with, assiduity, alacrity, succour, etc.
A significant number of phraseological combinations also belong to the literary vocabulary. So, for example, the following phraseological units are clearly bookish: to pass the Rubicon; with regard, by virtue of, to lose an opportunity, to speak at great length, to lend assistance, to draw a lesson, responsibility rests, etc.
Many of the words and phraseological units related to literary and book vocabulary can also be used in live direct communication. Because of this, they do not cease to be literary and book words. This is the penetration of literary and book vocabulary into the sphere of lively colloquial speech. If such penetration acquires a systematic character, then literary and book vocabulary is gradually "neutralized".
It is important to mention that when we talk about text – literary and book, we mean, first, discourse. Discourse is a coherent text considered in combination with extralinguistic, sociocultural, pragmatic, psychological and other factors.